With divine instinct Thiru Valluvar composed this work. Legend has it that, he took it to Madurai for arangetram and the golden louts tank int he temple, Kural was accepted in a golden Lotus miraculously and this became Universally famous.
Accordance of Kural with the Vedic concepts:
First of all we have to understand the logic / concept behind the arrangement of the Chapters - Aram, Poul and Inbam in Thamiz are direct translations of Dharma, Artha Kama - which are the first three purusharthas. Moksham, which is glorified as the fourth objective of life has been mentioned in Thiru Mantriam and together these two works tach us allt he 4 objectives of life. As anyone can guess the atheists reject Dharma and Moksha - and just accept Porul (Commerce) and Inbam (Pleasure). These so called Dravidian atheists are none but the charvakas in disguise. Ancient Thamizh Kings have given funds to protect Dharmas and have given grants to villages/ temples/ Vedas etc.. and these fools seem to do the opposite.
Here's one of the glorious Kural(s):
Pirappokkum ella uyirkkum sirappovva
seithozhil vaetrumai yaan.
Meaning: By the nature of the work one does fame / bigotry is acquired. This indirectly quotes the Varna Dharmas - where Brahmanas recite Vedas, Kings protect the nation, Vaishyas do trade and Shudras work hard for the welfare of the society. This could be seen in both the sides . Although there are not explicit references of Varna system, Valluvar elaborates the duties of Kings, Brahmans farmers etc. which is a proof for the existence and acceptance of the Varna system even in Sangam times. (Luckily there was no opportunistic atheistic dumb groups in those times to suppress the righteousness of the society).
In Gita Krishna Says:
catur-varnyam maya srstam
guna-karma-vibhagasah
tasya kartaram api mam
viddhy akartaram avyayam:
Desc: This is an exact translation of the above kural. Based on the karma = the work one does, and the Guna (Sathvam, Thama: Raja:) one gets transformed into one of the four varna(s). This explicitly states that anyone (even if low by birth) possess Sathva Guna would be considered a Brahmana as against one who posses thamasic Guna would be considered lower even if born into a higher caste. There should be no confusion about this to any of us. Just with some hatred towards Brahmins / Vedas some fools declared Thirukural to be great, without even knowing that Thirukural was never intended to conflict with the Vedic principles.
Note: We cant declare that Valluvar is denying the Varnas base don this Kural - as there are references to kings, Brahmanas etc.. in Thirukural as we see below.
மறப்பினும், ஒத்துக் கொளல் ஆகும்; பார்ப்பான்
பிறப்பு ஒழுக்கம் குன்றக் கெடும்
Meaning: Right conduct for a Brahmana is very important. Even if he forgets the Vedas, he can learn it back - but not if he forgets or loses his right codnuct, which is supposed to be followed by birth. Valluvar uses the work parapanan - which enas that he's twice born.
Note: Here Valluvar very clearly accepts the Varna Dharma - where he declares that the status of a Brahmaan is obtianed by birth , and the birth of a Brahmana is sacred.
A very close equivalent of this in the Manu Smruthi can be seen here:
AchAraH paramo dharmaH shrutyoktaH smArta eva cha |
tasmAdasmin.h sadA yukto nityaM syAdAtmavAn.h dvijaH ||
Desc: The acharam or conduct , which has been taught through the Sruit or Vedas and Smrthi or the shastras must be followed by a twice-born (Parapanan) allt he times.
AchArAd.h vichyuto vipro na vedaphalamashnute |
AchAreNa tu sa.nyuktaH sampUrNaphalabhAg.h bhavet.h
Desc: A Brahmana, who does not follow the acharam of his varna (as preached by Sruit and Smruti) does not obtain the fruit of (learning) Vedas. Only a Brahmana, who follows his acharam, get the right benefit of VEdas.
Note: Only igonorant ones may think that Kural is different from the Shastras . All the rgeat wise men of realization have been saying the same fact in different languages and different ways. Atheism and racist theory has no place in this domain.
Kural 259: Pulal Maruthal
அவி சொரிந்து ஆயிரம் வேட்டலின், ஒன்றன்
உயிர் செகுத்து உண்ணாமை நன்று.
Explanation: Here Valluvar makes direct reference to the Vedic yagnas. He declares that, abstaining from eat meat is much more virtuous than making 1000 offerings of Havis (or rice) in the yagnas. The beauty here is that, the Vedic culture was very well established even 3000 years ago, during the Sangam period. The word Havis or Avis refers tot he offerings of rice and ghee in fire in a Vedic sacrifice. This kural is also a direct translation of the sloka from Manu Smruthi:
Equivalent Sloka from Manu Smruthi:
Varshe Varshe Aswamedhena Yo Yajetha Shatham Sama:
Mamsaani Cha Na Khadedhyasthayo: PunyaPhalam Samam
Desc: Now Manu declares the merits of being a non-meat eater . One who avoids meat and remains as a vegetarian (and also avoids the prohibited food items from the Shastras) is rewarded with the fruit of performing AswaMedha Yagnam each year for a period of 100 years.
Note: Some narrow-minded fools call themselves as social reformers without the knowledge of the glorious scriptures of our ancestors translate Kural with their half-boiled knowledge and impose the concept of Aryan -Dravidian crap on us. Glorious are our scriptures and Thiru Kural is no different than the Dharma Shastras.
Kural: Neethar Perumai
நிறைமொழி மாந்தர் பெருமை நிலத்து
மறைமொழி காட்டிவிடும்.
Kural 543: Sengoinmai
அந்தணர் நூற்கு மறத்திற்கு மாதியாய்
நின்றது மன்னவன் கோல்.
Explanation: The sengol or the dandam or the authority of a King is the basis / source of protection for the scriptures of the Brahmanas and Dharma . This internally means that it's duty of the king to protect the Brahmaans, Vedas and Dharma (as he does protect all the other 2 varnas).
Kural 21: neethar Perumai
ஒழுக்கத்து நீத்தார் பெருமை விழுப்பத்து
வேண்டும் பனுவற் றுணிவு.
Kual: 560 (Kodungonmai)
ஆ பயன் குன்றும்; அறுதொழிலோர் நூல் மறப்பர்
காவலன் காவான் எனின்.
Explanation: Here Valluvar talks about the atrocities, when a King does not administer his country in the right manner. Cows and Brahmins are considered noble and the Sanskrit prayer for the both says:
Go Brahmanebyo Sukamasthu Nithyam:
Which literally means that, the Cows, which showers it's milk for the children of human beings, and the Brahmana, who uses the Vedas, which he learnt for the welfare of this Society and performs the yagnas should be happy and prosperous.
ThiruValluvar glorifies the above statement, and says that if a King would do mis-management , then the cows would stop giving milk and the Brahmans - who have the six fold duties would forget the Vedas. The important point to be noted here is that, if there's no milk form cows - imagine how many kids would die, so is the case if the Brahmans forget the Vedas (Vedas are not supposed to be written - only through memory). Such is the status, which Valluvar gives to the Vedas.
Note: Here Valluvar describes Brahmanas as the ones with 6 duties, which is described in the Dharma Shastras as below:
adhyApanamadhyayanaM yajanaM yAjanaM tathA |
dAnaM pratigrahaM chaiva brAhmaNAnAmakalpayat.h |
Exp: Teach Vedas, Learning Vedas, doing yagnas, leading yagnas, giving gifts accepting gifts are the 6 duties prescribed to Brahmans.
Here's another Kural:
Kural 931: Soodhu
வேண்டற்க, வென்றிடினும் சூதினை! வென்றதூஉம்,
தூண்டில்-பொன் மீன் விழுங்கியற்று.
Exp: Just like the fish in water , which thinks the iron in the fishing rod to be its food and gets killed / trapped, gambling may offer small benefits / victory but destroy everything.
Equivalent sloka from Manu Smruthi is:
dyUtaM samAhvayaM chaiva rAjA rAShTrAtnivArayet.h |
rAjAntakaraNAvetau dvau doShau pR^ithivIkShitAm.h ||
Manu declares that, gambling and betting money etc. should be totally avoided in a kingdom as it may lead to the total destruction of a country.
Kural 41: Ill Vazhkai
இல்வாழ்வான் என்பான் இயல்பு உடைய மூவர்க்கும்
நல்லாற்றின் நின்ற துணை
Desc: In this glorious Kural, Valluvar elaborates the three ashramas - Brahscharya, VanaPrstha and Sanya, all of which is supported / benifitted (by food,e tc..) by a housleholder.
brahmachArI gR^ihasthashcha vAnaprastho yatistathA |
ete gR^ihasthaprabhavAshchatvAraH pR^ithagAshramAH ||
The four orders - Brahscharit, gruhastha, vaanaprstha, and sanyasi, these (constitute) spring from (the order of) householders
